Distribution Network Operator (DNO)

A Distribution Network Operator, or DNO, is the entity responsible for operating, maintaining, and developing distribution networks that deliver electricity at medium and low voltage. In many markets the term DSO is also used, especially where the operator has an expanding role in active system management.

The DNO is no longer limited to passive wire ownership. With growing distributed generation, storage, electric vehicles, and flexible demand, distribution operators increasingly manage voltage, congestion, connection processes, and local operational coordination.

Key Aspects of Distribution Network Operators:

• Distribution-Level Responsibility: The DNO manages feeders, substations, protection schemes, and service quality within the distribution grid. Its focus is local network security and customer supply continuity.
• Connection and Access Role: New distributed generators, batteries, and large loads usually interact first with the DNO for connection assessment and permit conditions. The operator determines whether the local network can absorb the project safely.
• Active Network Management Need: High DER penetration means many DNOs now coordinate voltage control, congestion mitigation, flexible demand, and curtailment schemes rather than simply maintaining static infrastructure.
• Interface with Transmission: Distribution behavior increasingly affects the wider system, especially where embedded generation materially changes net demand seen by the transmission grid. This makes TSO and DNO coordination more important than before.
• Planning Influence: The DNO shapes where distribution upgrades occur and which projects can connect with minimal restrictions. Its data and planning assumptions have a strong influence on DER development pipelines.